Different Processes:
- The process that is used to separate grain from stalks etc. is threshing. In this process, the stalks are beaten to free the grain seeds.
- The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation.
- A saturated solution is one in which no more of that substance can be dissolved.
Parts of Plants:
- Plants are usually grouped into herbs, shrubs, trees, and climbers based on their height, stems and branches. The stem bears leaves, flowers and fruits.
- A leaf usually has a petiole and a lamina.
- The pattern of veins on the leaf is called venation. It can be reticulate or
parallel. - Leaves give out water vapour through the process of transpiration.
- Green leaves make their food by the process of photosynthesis using carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight.
- Roots are mainly of two types: tap root and fibrous roots.
- Plants having leaves with reticulate venation have tap roots while plants having leaves with parallel venation have fibrous roots.
- The parts of a flower are sepals, petals, stamens and pistil.
The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings:
- The surroundings where plants and animals live, is called their habitat.
- The presence of specific features and habits, which enable a plant or an animal to live in a particular habitat, is called adaptation.
- There are many types of habitats, however, these may be broadly grouped as terrestrial (on the land) and aquatic (in water).
- Plants, animals and microorganisms together constitute biotic components.
- Rocks, soil, air, water, light and temperature are some of the abiotic components of our surroundings.
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